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Immunotherapy and myeliod metaplasia

Abstract

The past few decades have witnessed significant advances in our understanding of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of Myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Although the causes of chronic MPDs remain unknown, Janus kinase 2 (JAK 2) gene mutation is found to be associated. Myelofibrosis with Myeloid metaplasia (MMM) is a rare MPD, characterized by splenomegaly, immature peripheral blood granulocytes and erythrocytes, and teardrop-shaped red blood cells. The identification of the JAK2-V617F mutations in chronic MPDs has stimulated a great deal of effort in screening and developing specific inhibitors for clinical use. Currently, immunotherapies options for MMM include kinase inhibitors, anti-fibrotic therapy, stem cell transplantation, mTOR inhibitor and immunomodulators. While allogeneic stem cell transplantation is curative, rest of the treatment are mostly supportive. This review contributes to existing knowledge of recent therapeutic advances by encapsulating various immunotherapeutic modalities. However, further research is mandated on the effects of such modalities in combination with immunotherapy to witness improved quality of life and better prognosis in patient.

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